Dama Mumang

(A Psychoanalysis of Dream Based on Jungian Theory) 

 

“Nights, through dreams, tell the myths

forgotten by the day”

~ Carl Jung

 (Memories, Dreams, Reflections)

Hman tin hian mumang chungchang hi engtin emaw sawi dan kan nei ṭheuh a, a mak zâwng leh a râpawm zawng te, a hlimawm leh lunglênthlak zâwnga sawina te pawh kan nei hlawm. Chung mumang kan sawi dan tlangpui chu ngun taka kan en chuan engtin emaw inzawnna leh inanna lai riau an nei ṭhin a, an hmuh dânah emaw an thil hmuhin a entir emaw teah hian nihphung (pattern) inang hmuh tur a awm ṭhin.

Mumang hi keimahnia bet, kan nuna tel ve a nih angin hnam tin thawnthuah pawh mumang hian hmun lailum a lo luah tawh ṭhin a, novelist hrang hrangte paw'n mumang chungchang hi a thawnthu innghahna ram leh a mite azirin an tarlang fo a, awmze engemaw pawimawh tak a thawnthu atan hian a keng tel tlat ṭhin. ‘Lal Hlau Lo Ṭhi’ tih Lalzuia Colney thawnthuah pawh hian mumang hian langsar lutuk si lovin pawimawhna thûk tak a nei niin a lang a, he thawnthu a ruka kaihruaitu, a tir aṭanga a thawnthuin a sawi tum ber pho chhuaktu a nihna hi he thawnthua Dama mumang hian a keng vek a niin a lang.

Swiss Psychologist leh Father of Analytic Psychology tia an sawi Carl Gustav Jung chuan, “Mumang chungchangah theory ka nei lova...mumang chungchanga ka ngaih dân leh thil tih dân te hi ‘method’ tia koh tlak a ni em pawh ka hre lo” (The Practice of Psychotherapy, 45) tiin sawi mah se, tunlai mithiam tam tak chuan mihring ngaihtuahna thuah ril (unconscious mind) zirna kawngah Freud-a aiin Jung-a ngaih dân lam an âwn deuh tawh zawk niin a lang a; Jung-a Analytic Psychology leh mumang chungchanga a ngaih dânte chu theory-a pawmin kawng hrang hrangin hman ṭangkai a ni a, literary text zir chianna atan pawh hman a ni chho ta a ni. Hetiang hian Carl Jung-a’n mumang chungchanga a ngaih dân behchhanin ‘Lal Hlau Lo Ṭhi’ thawnthua Dama mumang hi kan zir chiang ve dawn a ni.

Mumang chu eng nge ni?

Sigmund Freud-a khan mumang chu ‘ kan thil duh emaw châk zâwng tih hlawhtlinna’ (a dream is a fulfilment of a wish ) tiin a sawi a.  Nitin hian kan rilruah a taka tih puitlin châk thil tam tak a awm a, mahse chung zawng zawng chu thil ṭha leh mi mit hmuha mawi a nih vek loh avangin kan chhia leh ṭha hriatna rilru harh vâng (Conscious ego ) chuan a lo dodal (resist) a, kan rilru muhil emaw ngaihtuahna thuah ril tak (unconscious mind) ah upbehin a awm ṭhin niin a sawi.

 Tichuan zana kan muhilh chiah hian kan rilru harh vang (conscious mind/ego ) chu a chawl a, hetih lai tak hian kan rilru muhil emaw ngaihtuahna thuah ril (unconscious mind) chuan hnathawkin kan tih châk zâwng upbeta lo awm tawh chu a phawrh chhuak a, chung chu mumang tia kan sawi chu a ni tiin Freud-a chuan ngaih dân a nei a, Freud-a'n a tinzawn ber chu mipat hmeichhiatna lam hawi thil kan upbeh, sexual repression hi a ni tlângpui.

Carl Gustav Jung ve thung chuan, “Mumang chu ngaihtuahna thuah ril ber emaw mihring nihna ril ber (unconscious psyche)  aṭanga thawklehkhata lo chhuak a ni a, kan duh dan zâwng zâwnga kawihher theih loh, kan nihna dik tak aṭanga lo luang chhuak, mihring nihphung dik tak min pe kirtu a ni a, kan ngaihtuahna harhvâng (consciousness) in hla taka min hruai hnuah kan nihna dik taka min hruai kir lehtu a ni” (Civilization in Transition, 75) tiin mumang chungchang chu a sawi thung.

Freud-a ngaih dan chuan mumang chu nun hluia let lehna emaw thlir kirna a innghat a ni a, kan nuna kan thil tawn tawh kan upbeh (sexual repression) lo lan chhuahna ber niin a ngai a. Jung a thlirna erawh chu, kan upbeh thil emaw kan tawn tawh thil hmangin mumang chuan hmalam huna kan nih theih tur emaw kan nihna dik tak kan la inhriat si loh chu min hrilh ṭhin niin a ngai thung. Carl Jung chuan Freud-a ngaih dan chu sexual motive emaw sexual repression emaw ngawr ngawr a innghat lutuk niin a ngai a, Jung chuan heng sexual motive hi chu ngaihtuahna thuah ril (unconscious) aṭanga thil peng pakhat lo chhuak ve mai niin a sawi a. Freud-a ai hian Jung-a hian mumang chungchang leh unconscious psyche nihna hi a thlir zau zawk niin a lang.

Carl Jung chuan mumang hi kan unconscious psyche in kan nihna dik tak chungchang min hrilhna a nih thu a sawi a, min hrilh dan nia a sawi chu aiding (symbol) hmangin a ni: ‘Mumang chuan aiding (symbol) hmangin a thil duh a lo tarlang ṭhin tih hi kan hriatthiam a ngai a, chu chu mihring hriatna harhvang (conscious mind) tihbuai phak erawh a ni lo…thingin par a rawn chhuah ang mai hian kan nihna dik tak (psyche) chuan aiding hmangin a thil duh a rawn siam chhuak ṭhin, chu thil dikna chu mumang zawng zawng hi a ni.’ (Man and His Symbols 112) tiin a sawi.

Carl Jung-a’n mumang a thlirna ang hian ‘Lal Hlau Lo Ṭhi’ thawnthua mumang hi mumang neitu Dama unconscious psyche leh chumi-ina thil hriattir a tum chu Carl Jung-a theory hmangin a lang chiang ber thei dawn niin a lang a, chumi hawi zawng chuan kan bihchiang dawn a ni.

Prospective dream: Dama mumang nihna.

Carl Jung-a hian mumang chi thum a awm niin a sawi a, chung zinga a sawi pawimawh tak chu prospective dream hi a ni. Prospective dream awmzia chu unconscious mind-in mihring hun kal tawh emaw a thil hmu leh hriat a chhinchhiaha a hriatreng thilte hmanga châk (material) la khawmin mihring la nih dan phung tur dik tak emaw la nih theih tur emaw chu a hmuh tir ṭhin a,  heng hi hrilhlawkna ang deuh reuha ngaih theih a ni a, hmanlai a mumanga hrilhlawkna an dawng anga an ngaih ṭhin te pawh kha prospective dream an tih hi niin a lang. Mizo pi leh pute pawh khan thil lo thleng tur mumanga lo hmuh lawk hi ‘kelchal mangman’ an ti a, hnam hrang hrangin hming hrang hrang vuahin an sakhuana leh an puithunate nen a inzawm nghet hle ṭhin.

Hetiang mumang hi thil lo la thleng theite nen inzawmna a awm theih rualin hrilhlawkna tak tak emaw, thil la nih dan tur tak tak emaw hmuh tir lawkna ai mahin, mumang neitu unconscious mind-in mumang neitu hun kal tawh aṭanga mumang neitu nihna dik tak emaw la nih theih tur chu aiding (symbol) hmanga a hrilh hriatna a ni ṭhin zawk mah awm e.

 ‘Lal Hlau Lo Ṭhi’ thawnthuah hian Rih Dil kama Dama te ṭhianho an riah laiin Dama khan mumang mak tak mai a nei a, Kawl rama mi niâwm tak nu pakhat chuan a lo bia a, “Hei, ka silhfen inthuamna hi ngun takin en la, min hmuh leh hunah pawh min hai mai loh nan ngun takin chhinchhiah tlat rawh, Kawl ram khaw pakhatah kan awm a, in lo kal zel anga, kan inah ngei in lo thleng tur a ni. Chumi hunah chuan thil awmzia fiah takin ka hrilh ang che u. Tun atana i hriat tur pawimawh tak chu in ramah khawvar chhawng thum…chhawng thum…” tiin Dama chu a lo bia a nih kha.

 Dama’n a ṭhiante bula a mumang awm dan a sawi aṭang hian aiding hrang hrang pawh kan hmu thei a; heng-‘nu pakhat’, ‘ silhfen’, ‘Kawl ram’ leh ‘khawvar chhawng thum’ te kan hmu a, heng hi ngun taka kan ngaihtuah chuan thawnthua thil thar lo lang thut ni loin a hma lama thil lo lang sa vek tawh an ni. ‘Nu pakhat’ a hmuh hi Chhingpuii tak tak ni lem lovin Chhingpuii chungchang an khaw lama an sawi fo a hriat tawh a rilrua in upbet tarlanna a ni thei a, ‘silhfen’ hi chu Kawl hmeichhiate inbel ang chi a ni tih a hriat chat aṭang hian a lo hmu tawh ngei ang tih a rin theih bawk a.  ‘Kawl ram’ tih pawh hi an kal tumna sa a nih avanga lo lang chhuak a ni thei bawk.

‘Khawvar chhawng thum’ tih hi a ṭawngkam tak leh a awmzia chiang taka hriatna la nei lo mah se, an zin chhuah hmaa Zawlbuka upa titi an ngaihthlaknaah khan Mizoramah hun danglam tak a lo la thleng dawn tih chungchang upain a sawi kha Dama khan a lo vei nasain a ngaihtuahna ril ber (unconscious mind) ah dah ṭhatin a awm niin a lang a. Heng thil mi nawlpuiin an hriatthiam loh leh man thiam loh hi Dama chuan hriatthiam theihna (preconceived) ril tak a nei a, mahse  hriat thiam theihna ril tak a nei a ni tih a inhriat loh avangin ama ngaihtuahna ril ber (unconscious mind) chuan aiding hmangin Rih Dil a an riah zan khan a rawn tarlan sak a ni.           

A tichiangtu ni thei chu, a taka Kâwl ram an han thlen khan Chhingpuii te inah an thleng fuh hlauh mai a, mahse Mizorama thil danglam thlengte an titi khan Chhingpuii khan chutianga an ram a danglam tawhzia a hriat khan mak a ti hle a nih kha. Damate lo kal tur a hriat lâwkna âwm engmah a lang lova, Dama mumanga hmeichhia khan, “thil awmzia fiah takin ka hrilh ang che u” a ti a, mahse mumanga a hmuh kha Chhingpuii nia ngaih theih tur a ni nain Damate an han thlen khan Damate hre sa ni awm taka thil han hrilh tur engmah a nei lo a, amah chanchin lungchhiatthlak tak bâk lo chu sawi tur a nei lem lo. Chu achhapah, Mizorama khawvar chhawng thum lo thleng tur a hriat chu sawi loh, Mizoram chutianga a lo danglam chho mek chu mak tiin Damate chu an ram awm dan a zawt lêt heu zawk a nih kha.

Hei hian a lantir chu, Dama'n a mumanga a hmuh kha Chhingpuii a ni lo va, an zin hmaa Chhingpuii chanchin tarlan zeuh a nih avang leh Chhingpuii an han tawn leh tâk avanga a chhiartute'n Dama mumang a mi kha Chhingpuii ni turah kan ngaihruat ta ngawt zawk a ni. Thil awmzia ni ta chu, Dama unconscious mind chuan chung thil Dama rilrua awm hrang hrang chu lakhawmin mumangah a siam a, mahse chu mumang chu Chhingpuii nen inzawmna a nei lem lo; Dama'n a rilrua a thil vei a upbeh phawrh chhuahna leh Dama nihna dik tak tarlanna mumang mai a ni zawk.

Dama mumang hi prospective dream kan tih huangah khan a khung theih niin a lang a, a thil hriatthiam theihna ril tak leh hmalam huna thil lo la thleng thei tur chu suihzawmin a awm a, prospective dream dang ang bawkin hrilhlawkna anga a lan theih rualin Dama thil hriatthiam theihna thûk tak tarlanna mumang niin lang mah zawk. Hei bakah hian Dream Telepathy angreng deuh kan hmu a, an zin chhungin Sainêka te'n Chawngi an lo rim tih te mumangah Dama khan a hmu a, a thleng tak tak nain Dama'n a thil hlauh thawn ruk a unconscious mind-a a upbeh a mumanga lo lang chhuak ni mai zawkin a lang. A tichiangtu chu mumangah hmu kher lo mah se,  Sainêka khan Chawngi neih ngei a tum ve avangin hun ṭha chuhin a rim ang tih chu thil chiang sa a ni. Hei bakah hian  an kawng bo hlen tur pawh Dama mumang vêk hian kawng dikah a hruai let leh a nih kha. Hei pawh hian Dama theihna ril tak, thil a chhinchhiah theihna leh a finna lo lan chhuahna niin a ngaih theih. A awmzia berah chuan, Dama’n a nihna, thil chhut mi, thil chhinchhiah thei leh fing tak a nihna mi dang bula a lantir ngai zen zen loh, amah pawhin chutiang theihna a nei a ni tih a inhriat loh chu a mumang chuan a rawn tarlan sak a ni tiin a sawi theih awm e.

Heng thil thlengte hian Dama kha finna eng emaw thûk tak nei mi leh mahnia thil awmzia lo ngaihtuah neuh neuh ṭhin mi a ni tih a lantir vek a. A finna leh thil a chhut thiamna te chu upbeh a nih chhan leh mumang anga a lo lan chhan hi Mizo rilru leh khawtlang nun vang niin a ngaih theih bawk. Tun hma Mizote chu miin chapo an ti ang tih hlauvin inngaitlawm taka awm an tum hram hram a, a bikin mipate chuan an thil hriat leh ngaihtuahte an sawi zut zut lem lo. Chuvangin Dama pawh hian ngun thlûk taka a lo vei leh ngaihtuah thin, kum upa lam, fing leh thil thlir thiam tawh zawk tur ten an an ngaihtuah àwm thilte chu lo ngaihtuah ve fo mah se, mi dang bula a vei zawng zawng sawi chhuah a duh kher loh vang emaw, miin intifing leh chapo anga an sawi a hlauh avangin emaw a thil veite chu a upbet fo ang a, khawtlang nun leh rilruin a thunun tlat avang hian a hriat loh karin a unconscious mind-ah a inupbet nghal fovin a rinawm bawk.

From collective unconscious: ‘Khawvar chhawng thum…chhawng thum...’

            Jungian psychology-ah chuan thlahtute aṭanga hriatna lo awm tawh (ancestral memory) emaw thlahtute atanga ngaihtuaha inang khat te, tawn hriat thil inang inthlahchhawn zel thil te chu, mimal ngaihtuahna ril (unconscious mind) a lo awm tawh a awm a, chu chu ‘collective unconscious’ tiin an sawi. Chutianga mihringa ‘collective unconscious’ awm chuan mumang-ah a duh dânin aiding chi hrang hrang hmangin a thil duh a tarlan châng a awm ṭhin. Chuvangin Carl Jung chuan mumang hi keimahni’n kan duh dana kan thlen emaw thil hrang hrang kan thluakin a tarlan ve hrim hrim ni lovin, keimahnia awm tu emaw (unconscious psyche) in a rawn thlen niin a lo sawi fo rêng a ni.

‘Lal Hlau Lo Ṭhi’ tih thawnthuah hian a tir aṭanga a tawp thleng thil tarlan nawn fo a awm a, chu thil chu Mizoram leh a chhunga chengte’n hun danglam an la tawn chhoh tur thu a ni. Mihring hrim hrim hian hun leh kum a kal zel angin mihring nun pawh hi a danglam chho ve zel thei a ni tih chu a tawn hriat aṭangin a pawm sa reng thil, mahse mihringin a hmuh thiam lawk loh thil a ni fo a. Mizote paw’n hun danglam tak tak an tawng chhovin, kan thawnthu thlir lai hun innghahna aṭanga kan en phei chuan Mizote chungah hun danglam tak pahnih an nun thlak danglam hlawktu an tawn tawh a awm a, chungte chu British-in Mizoram awp a tumna avanga Vai lo lian (Lushai Expedition) leh Missionary ten Chanchin Ṭha rawn pu luta sakhaw thar dang (Kristianna) an rawn hmelhriat tirnate kha a ni.

 Heng thilte leh pi leh pute hun aṭanga thil hrang hrang an nun tidanglamtu an lo tawn tawhte chu an thlahte zela hriatrengna (ancestral memory) ah a cham reng dawn tih a hriat a, chuvang chuan he thawnthu innghahna hunlaiah pawh hian kum upa lam leh mi ṭhenkhatte chuan thil danglam leh hun danglam a lo la thleng leh thei a ni tih hriatthiamna ril tak an nei ang tih a rinawm a, sawi pawh an sawi lang nawn fo rêng a ni.

He thawnthua a main character Dama pawh hian chutianga hun danglam chu a lo la thleng thei a ni tih hriatthiamna thûk tak chu collective unconscious kaltlangin a nei a, mahse mi bula sawi leh a titi chiam ngai lem loh vang emaw, rual ûte anga thil inti hre taka Mizote thil la thawn theih tur âwm nia a hriat lo sawi ve vak kha a inthlahrun ṭhin avangin a thil vei ṭhin chu a upbet leh mai ṭhin nite pawhin a ngaih theih a. A upbet fo avangin pâwn lama a rilru harhvang (conscious mind) chuan hetiang hriatthiamna a nei a ni tih chu a hre lawk lova, chu a thil hriat thiamna ril tak chu a muthilh laiin a ngaihtuahna thuah ril (unconscious mind) in aiding hmangin a rawn hrilh a ni. Rih Dila an riah lai khera thil thleng a nihna hi chu a ziaktu themthiamna-Dama mumang timak lehzual tur leh suspense thlentu atana a hmanrua niin a lang.

            Dama ngaihtuahna thuah ril (unconscious mind) in ‘khawvar chhawng thum’ tia a rawn tarlan bîk hi hrilhlawkna eng emaw mak tak ni lovin Dama ngaihtuahna ril ber emaw a nihna dik tak, theihna sâng tak awmna (inner most Self) in a lo ngaihtuah tawh thil zawk a ni a, chu chu a muthilh laiin a ngaihtuahna thuah ril (unconscious mind) chuan aiding hmangin a rawn hrilh mai niin a lang. Carl Jung vêkin, “Keimahniah hian tu emaw kan hriat loh mi a awm a, mumang hmanga min bia-in, keimahni kan lo inhmuh ṭhin dan ang lo takin kan nihna dik tak chu min hmuhtir ṭhin” (157) tiin kan nihna kan la hriat ngai loh chu unconcious mind-in min hrilh ṭhin thu a sawi a, hei bâkah hian, “Mumang chuan chhungrila kan nihna dik tak chu a rawn pho chhuak ṭhin a, a rawn pho chhuah dan pawh kan beisei dan ang ni lovin, ama duh dan ang tak zawkin a pho chhuak ṭhin”  (Memories, Dreams, Reflections 143) tiin a sawi bawk.

‘Khawvar chhawng thum’ tih thu vêk hi Mizoramah hun danglam tak tak ‘kawng thumin’ a thleng tawh emaw, thleng mek emaw, a la thleng dawn tih tarlanna a ni a, Collective unconscious avangin heng hun danglam tak tak hi midang paw’n engtin emaw takin an lo hre lawk ve tawh niin a lang a, a tichiangtu chu a thawnthu tir aṭanga a tawp thleng hian thil a lo la danglam tur zia sawi nawn sawi nawn a ni a; Zawlbuka an titina-ah te, Chhingpuii bula Dama titina-ah te bâkah a thawnthu kharnaah Dama thu hnuhnung ber pawh he ‘Khawvar’ lo thleng tur chungchang tho hi a ni.

Dama mumanga hmeichhe lo lang khan a thusawi lai sawi zo hman lovin, “ in ramah khawvar chhawng thum...chhawng thum...” tih ringawtin a sawi a, thleng tawh nge, thleng mek nge, lo la thleng tur tih a tarlang tel lem lo. Chuvangin he ‘khawvar chhawng thum’ hi a thawnthu innghahna hun (kum 1909-1911?) aṭanga chhûtin khawvar chhawng khatna chu Vai Len kha a puh theih ang a; he Vai lo lian hian Mizote nun a thlak nasatzia leh tawrhna tam tak a thlen rualin Mizote tan chuan an khawvel zim tê aṭanga khawvel zau zawk lam hawia an ṭhan harhna khawvar a ni tiin a sawi theih a.

Khawvar chhawng hnihna chu Sap Missionary ten Chanchin Ṭha meichher rawn chhi kaia Mizote nun kawng tam taka rawn thlak thlengtu Kristianna an rawn put luh hun lai leh Kristiannain Mizote nuna nghawng a neih ṭan chhoh lai kha a puh theih ang. Hei hi Dama te hun tawn mek kha a ni. Khawvar chhawng thumna chu a hunlai Mizote thil tawn chhoh tur ‘politics khawvar’ a ni tiin a sawi theih bawk awm e. Collective unconscious aṭangin Dama leh a hun lai mi ṭhenkhatte khan an tawn tur thil thar chu eng ang nge a nih hre chiah lo mah se, hun danglam tak dang chu an la tawk leh ngei ang tih kha an hmu thiam ru a, chu hun danglam leh an nun tidanglamleh theitu ‘politics khawvar’ chu lalte lalna bân a, Mizoten politics an hmelhriat chhoh ṭanna leh MNF-te'n Mizo hnam tâna zalênna an sual avanga ram a buai takna thleng khan a huam thei awm e.

 ‘Lal Hlau Lo Ṭhi’ tih pawh a thawnthua hun danglam lo thleng tur tarlanna symbol a ni a, chu hun danglam tak lo la thleng tur chu he thawnthuah hian Dama mumang hmangin  tarlanin a awm a, he hun thar leh danglam lo inher mek chu a hunlai mipui khawvel leh rilru aṭanga thlirna hi he thawnthuin a chai ber hi niin a lang ta bawk. Dama mumang hian Dama nihna dik tak bakah he thawnthuin a tarlan tum ber, hun danglam lo thleng tawh leh lo la thleng tur chu hlawm fel takin a lo keng tel vek a ni tiin a sawi theih awm e.

References:

Freud. Sigmund, Interpretation of Dreams, Oxford University Press, First Edition: 2008.

Hall. S. Calvin, Lindzey Gardener, Theories of Personality, V.R. Darmodaran for Wiley Eastern Limited, Third Edition: 1989.

Stevens. Anthony, On Jung, Penguin Books, Second Edition: 1999.

Jung.C.G. Memories, Dreams, Reflections. RHUS, Reissue edition: 23^rd April 1989.

Jung.C.G. The Practice of Psychotherapy. Routledge, 2^nd Edition: 2^nd September 1993.

Jung.C.G. Civilization in Transition, Princeton University Press, 2^nd Edition: 1^st July 1992.

Jung.C.G. Man And His Symbols, RHUS, Reissue Edition: 16^th August 1968.

Jung.C.G. The Structure And Dynamics of the Psyche, Princeton University Press, 2^nd Edition: 1^st July 1992.

Wei Zhang & Guo Benyu, “ Freud’s Dream Interpretation: A Different Perspective Based on the Self-Organization Theory of Dreaming” Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 9, August 2018.

Internet sources: 

Carl Jung: The Meaning of Dreams, anthologiablog.com.

Jung's Theory of Dreams, https://www.psychologytoday.com